Procurement Notices by FAO

• Expression of Interest (EOI) for pre-qualification of Services Provider (None-profitable Organization)
  Country of Coverage: Saudi Arabia, Sectors: Agriculture
• Market System Development (MSD) community-based assessment in Jordan
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Agriculture, Entrepreneurship
• National Irrigation and Rural Infrastructure Engineer
  Country of Coverage: Iraq, Sectors: Infrastructure, Urban & Rural Development
• Resource Mobilization and Partnership Specialist
  Country of Coverage: Sudan, Sectors: Food Security
• Consultancy Engineering services for undertaking studies and developing engineering designs for rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems up to (400) public buildings (Extended)
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Infrastructure, Water and Wastewater
• Development of Guidelines on mainstreaming forest biodiversity into national strategies and action plans in the SEC region and organization of a relevant training on the use of the Guidelines
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Environment and Energy
• Formation: Amélioration des capacités nationales pour une meilleure prise en charge de la filière lait
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Agriculture
• Elaboration d’un diagnostic de cursus de formation aquacole au Maroc
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture
• Provision of Services to Increase the Efficiency of the Palestinian Veterinary Laboratory System (Retender)
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Health
• Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Agriculture
• National Consultations to Strengthen Harmonization and Coordination Around Food and Nutritional Security in Algeria
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Food Security
• Consultancy Services for Detailed Design Preparation of Documents and Supervision of Construction for 3 Reservoirs Ponds for Storing and Related Irrigating Networks in Jordan (Extended)
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Water and Wastewater
• Establishment of Farmer Field Schools and Ensure Sustainability of the Field Demonstrations Through Hands on Training
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Food Security
• Climate Smart and Sustainable Agribusiness Expert
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Agriculture, Climate Change and Global Warming
• Local engagement and dissemination process on climate change adaptation at the governorates of Madaba, Karak, Tafila and Ma’an (Re-Tender)
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming
• Provision of Services to Increase the Efficiency of the Palestinian Veterinary Laboratory System
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Health
• Technical assistance and training to local institutions and civil society organizations at BRCCJ project target governorates of Madaba, Karak, Tafilah and Ma’an (Te-tender)
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Agriculture, Climate Change and Global Warming
• Developing Regional Network of Forestry Actors in Central Asia,Preparation of Upscaled Project Proposal and Implementation of Regional Workshop and Study Tour
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming
• Provision of Telephone Screening Survey and Recall Survey to be rendered in Türkiye
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Agriculture
• Research Consultant Gender
  Country of Coverage: Multiple Countries, Sectors: Women Rights and Empowerment
• Consultancy services for detailed topographical survey and modernized irrigation system design of Nine pre-selected command areas in three governorates in Upper-Egypt (Assiut, Sohag and Qena) (Extended)
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Infrastructure
• Expert in strategy development and interfirm partnerships
  Country of Coverage: Lebanon, Sectors: Food Security
• Conception, Amenagement et Equipement d’un Stand de la Fao au Sidattes 2024
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture, Climate Change and Global Warming
• Development and implementation of awareness programs on water harvesting, climate change adaptation and water conservation across schools and municipal buildings mosques and health centers
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Water and Wastewater
• Website for data management and public awareness for the control of zoonotic diseases and AMR “Animal Health Hub”
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Health
• Re-Consultancy services for detailed design, including preparation of draft terms of reference (ToR) documents, bill of quantities (BoQ) and supervision of construction for 3 reservoirs\ponds
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Infrastructure, Water and Wastewater
• Testing of new and/or modified fishing gear along the Turkish coasts for minimizing fuel consumption and seafloor impact
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Agriculture, Environment and Energy
• Technical Assistance to enhance local administration’s and private sector actors’ capacities to comply with the national green construction and water saving policy frameworks
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Infrastructure, Water and Wastewater
• Consultation Pour Production de Contenus Audiovisuels dans le Cadre du Projet Revitaliser Les Agroecosystemes Oasiens
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture, Environment and Energy
• Establishment of a Roster of Vendors
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Agriculture, Infrastructure
• Re-Tender Technical Assistance to enhance local administration’s and private sector actors’ capacities to comply with the national green construction and water saving policy frameworks at BRCCJ project
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Water and Wastewater
• Market Assessment in Wadi Hajr – Hadhramaut
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture, Water and Wastewater
• Technical assistance and training to local institutions and civil society organizations at BRCCJ project target governorates of Madaba, Karak, Tafilah and Ma’an (Extended)
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Agriculture, Climate Change and Global Warming
• Market Assessment in Wadi Hajr – Hadhramaut
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture
• Elaboration des plans d’aménagement et des plans de gestion intégrée, durable et participative des zones pilotes du projet Suberaie Algérie
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Economic Growth, Environment and Energy
• Technical Assistance to enhance local administration’s and private sector actors’ capacities to comply with the national green construction and water saving policy frameworks
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Water and Wastewater
• Design, costing and Supervision of four wholesale markets in the West Bank
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Infrastructure
• La conception, le développement et la mise en place d’un système d’information national pour la Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires
  Country of Coverage: Tunisia, Sectors: Agriculture
• Technical assistance and training to local institutions and civil society organizations at BRCCJ project target governorates of Madaba, Karak, Tafilah and Ma’an
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Agriculture
• Development and implementation of awareness programs on water harvesting, climate change adaptation and water conservation
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Water and Wastewater
• Assessing promising value chains; business opportunities, barrier analysis, economic appraisal of transformative solutions and concept note development
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Agriculture, Economic Growth
• Amélioration des capacités nationales pour une meilleure prise en charge de la filière lait
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Agriculture
• Support in the implementation of tailored activities to promote endangered agriculture livelihoods through market-oriented agricultural interventions in the West Bank (Re-tender)
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Agriculture, Entrepreneurship
• Consultancy engineering services for undertaking studies and developing engineering designs for rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems for (400) public buildings, preparing TOR documents for their construction and supervision of resulting works
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Infrastructure
• Recrutement d’un bureau d’étude / établissement de formation pour l’organisation de session de formation en matière de soft skills au profit du personnel des services vétérinaires
  Country of Coverage: Tunisia, Sectors: Agriculture
• Realisation d’une Etude Sur la Gestion Des Risques dans les Zones Oasiennes de la Region du Draa-tafilalet
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture, Environment and Energy
• Comprehensive Integrated Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Agriculture Assessment in Socotra and ALMahrah
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture, Water and Wastewater
• Consultation pour la mise en place d’un système d’information pour la programmation, le suivi et la communication sur l’exécution et les résultats des programmes d’égalité de genre et d’autonomisation des femmes
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Women Rights and Empowerment
• Réalisation d’une Enquête d’évaluation des Moyens de Subsistance Agricole et de la Sécurité Alimentaire des Haouz au Moyen d’une Enquête Auprès des Ménages et d’une Étude SIG
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture, Food Security
• Long Term Agreement for the provision of Third Party Monitoring (TPM) services in Yemen (001/2024)
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Food Security
• Réalisation des analyses physico-chimiques afin de déterminer le niveau de contamination au niveau de 3 sites
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Environment and Energy
• Consultancy service to Assess promising value chains; business opportunities, barrier analysis, economic appraisal of transformative solutions and concept note development to catalyse private sector investment in Livestock and Dairy
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Agriculture, Economic Growth
• Support in the implementation of tailored activities to promote endangered agriculture livelihoods through market-oriented agricultural interventions, while economically reactivating traditional agricultural practices and organic food products
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Agriculture, Entrepreneurship
• Services for the supervision and quality control of cash-for work activities in Wadi Hajr, Hadramout Governorate
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture, Water and Wastewater
• Spécialiste en élaboration de supports pédagogiques pour une formation en aquaculture
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture
• Recrutement d’un bureau d’étude / établissement de formation pour l’organisation de session de formation en matière de soft skills au profit du personnel des services vétérinaires
  Country of Coverage: Tunisia, Sectors: Agriculture, Democratic Governance
• Consultation pour une étude de faisabilité de la réhabilitation des palmeraies traditionnelles en se basant sur le développement et la valorisation des variétés locales du palmier dattier au niveau de deux sites du projet OASIL dans les provinces d’Errachi
  Country of Coverage: Morocco, Sectors: Agriculture
• Comprehensive Integrated Water and Agriculture Assessment
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture, Water and Wastewater
• Environmental Impact Assessment
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture
• Design and Printing of Vocational Training Programmes Curricula
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Education
• Suivi de la productivité des terres et des eaux par télédétection
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Water and Wastewater
• Système national de suivi-évaluation de la feuille de route SN-SEFROU opérationnel
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Agriculture
• Support in the implementation of tailored activities to enhance inclusive and sustainable private sector engagement in climate-smart agribusiness
  Country of Coverage: Palestine, Sectors: Agriculture, Economic Growth
• Gender and Community Engagement Specialist
  Country of Coverage: Syria, Sectors: Women Rights and Empowerment
• Développement de solution émergente et innovante pour la prévention et la gestion des incendies de forêts
  Country of Coverage: Algeria, Sectors: Environment and Energy
• Provision of services for “Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) Surveys in Kazdaglari Region” to be delivered in Turkey (Re-Tender)
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Environment and Energy
• Opportunity for consultancy work /Endline assessment
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Environment and Energy
• Develop a Monitoring System and App for Tracking the Adoption Rate of Technologies and Agricultural Practices Regarding Climate Change Adaptation and Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture Applied Through the Farmer Field School-BRCCJ Project
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming, Food Security
• Land Scaping Service in Baghdad
  Country of Coverage: Iraq, Sectors: Infrastructure
• Services for Support to Value Chain Development through Distribution of Inputs “Concentrated feeds and mineral blocks” and facilitating conducting training and awareness sessions in Two Governorates “Lahj & Taizz”
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Economic Growth, Food Security
• Services for Support to Value Chain Development through Distribution of Inputs “Concentrated feeds and mineral blocks” and facilitating conducting training and awareness sessions in Three Governorates “Abyan, Shabwa, and Al Dhale’e”
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Economic Growth, Food Security
• Consultancy services for detailed design, including preparation of draft terms of reference (ToR) documents, bill of quantities (BoQ) and supervision of construction for 3 reservoirs\ponds for storing reclaimed water (treated wastewater) and related irrigation
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Infrastructure, Water and Wastewater
• Training and coaching of vouchers’ beneficiaries
  Country of Coverage: Lebanon, Sectors: Agriculture
• Communications and Outreach Analyst
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Democratic Governance, Food Security
• Agro-Logistic and Value Chain Analysis Specialist
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture
• Local engagement and dissemination process on climate change adaptation at the governorates of Madaba, Karak, Tafila and Ma’an
  Country of Coverage: Jordan, Sectors: Climate Change and Global Warming
• Social Media Management and Branding Services for E-commerce platform
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Economic Growth
• Impact Assessment Of The Woman-led Cooperative Programme On Woman`s Empowerment
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Women Rights and Empowerment
• Livelihood zoning, baseline assessment and baseline analysis
  Country of Coverage: Yemen, Sectors: Agriculture
• Tailored incubation for agribusiness startups
  Country of Coverage: Egypt, Sectors: Agriculture, Entrepreneurship
• Data collection in Turkish waters: LOT 1: Monitoring programme on commercial and non-commercial priority species (including Non-Indigenous Species (NIS)), LOT 2: Bycatch Monitoring and Mitigation Trials and LOT 3: Research Programme on Blue crabs
  Country of Coverage: Turkey, Sectors: Agriculture
• Third Party Montioring And Assesment Services for FAO IRAQ Office
  Country of Coverage: Iraq, Sectors:
• Production or media buying company to advertise on the Famers’ Registry through Billboards campaign
  Country of Coverage: Lebanon, Sectors: Agriculture
• Recruitment of an expertise office in the design and management of databases
  Country of Coverage: Tunisia, Sectors: Agriculture

Awarded Projects

• Roads and Employment Project: Support to Farmers Engaged in Crop and Livestock Production
  Awarding date: 8-6-2021 , Location: Lebanon , Budget: USD 10,000,000.00

Current and Previous Partners Worked With FAO

Logo	Name	Category	Countries of Coverage	Sectors & Services
	Care International	International Organization	Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen	Food Security, Humanitarian aid, Women Rights and Empowerment
	Egyptian Food Bank	National and Regional NGO	Egypt, Palestine	Agriculture, Humanitarian aid, Social Development
	Khairat Alnahraeen of Human Organization	National and Regional NGO	Iraq	Agriculture, Arts and Culture, Child Rights, Climate Change and Global Warming, Democratic Governance, Economic Growth, Education, Entrepreneurship, Environment and Energy, Food Security, Health, Human Rights, Humanitarian aid, Information Communication and Technology, Infrastructure, Refugees and Migration, Social Development, Urban & Rural Development, Water and Wastewater, Women Rights and Empowerment, Youth Empowerment
	Tearfund	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Yemen	Democratic Governance, Education, Humanitarian aid, Social Development
	ACTED	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen	Democratic Governance, Humanitarian aid, Social Development
	COOPI	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia	Education, Environment and Energy, Humanitarian aid
	Avsi Foundation	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Tunisia	Climate Change and Global Warming, Economic Growth, Education
	CGIAR	International Organization	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Agriculture, Economic Growth, Food Security
	Welt hunger hilfe	International Organization	Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen	Food Security, Humanitarian aid, Refugees and Migration
	Secours Islamique France	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Yemen	Education, Humanitarian aid, Water and Wastewater
	ADRA	International Organization	Lebanon, Palestine, Sudan, Turkey, Yemen	Child Rights, Humanitarian aid
	Hariri Foundation for Sustainable Human Development	National and Regional NGO	Lebanon	Democratic Governance, Economic Growth, Education, Health, Urban & Rural Development
	Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team	International Organization	Lebanon, Morocco, Turkey	Humanitarian aid, Refugees and Migration, Social Development
	Center for Development Services (CDS)	Consulting Firm	Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen	Agriculture, Health, Women Rights and Empowerment
	Migration and Development	International Organization	Morocco	Democratic Governance, Humanitarian aid, Refugees and Migration, Women Rights and Empowerment
	ICBA-International Center for Biosaline Agriculture	National and Regional NGO	Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Agriculture, Environment and Energy
	International Youth Foundation (IYF)	International Organization	Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia	Agriculture, Democratic Governance, Economic Growth, Education, Entrepreneurship, Women Rights and Empowerment, Youth Empowerment
	Crest Point for Consultancy and Development	Consulting Firm	Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen	Humanitarian aid
	BRAC	International Organization	Egypt, Tunisia	Agriculture, Climate Change and Global Warming, Education, Health, Humanitarian aid, Youth Empowerment
	Bread For the World	International Organization	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Education, Food Security, Humanitarian aid, Social Development
	Food For the Hungry	International Organization	Iraq, Lebanon, Syria	Child Rights, Food Security, Humanitarian aid, Youth Empowerment
	Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF)	Bilateral and Multilateral Agency	Egypt, Sudan, Turkey, Yemen	Agriculture, Food Security, Trade
	Relief International	International Organization	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey, Yemen	Economic Growth, Education, Food Security, Health, Water and Wastewater
	United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG)	Bilateral and Multilateral Agency	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Economic Growth, Information Communication and Technology
	United Nations Volunteers	Bilateral and Multilateral Agency	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Agriculture, Child Rights, Democratic Governance, Education, Health, Humanitarian aid, Refugees and Migration, Social Development, Women Rights and Empowerment, Youth Empowerment
	Bacha Consulting	Consulting Firm	Lebanon	Economic Growth, Infrastructure
	CLUSTER	National and Regional NGO	Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia	Arts and Culture, Urban & Rural Development
	Formatech	Consulting Firm	Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates	Economic Growth, Education, Information Communication and Technology
	Arab Water Council	National and Regional NGO	Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Agriculture, Democratic Governance, Water and Wastewater
	I and D-Institutions et Developpement	Consulting Firm	Algeria, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia	Agriculture, Democratic Governance, Infrastructure
	Building Foundation for Development (BFD)	National and Regional NGO	Sudan, Yemen	Democratic Governance, Economic Growth, Education, Environment and Energy, Food Security, Health
	Assiut Businessmen Association	National and Regional NGO	Egypt	Education, Entrepreneurship, Social Development, Women Rights and Empowerment
	Impact Research	Consulting Firm	Yemen	Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship
	STUDI International	Consulting Firm	Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia	Environment and Energy, Infrastructure, Urban & Rural Development, Water and Wastewater
	IMA International	Consulting Firm	Iraq, Lebanon, Qatar, Sudan, Yemen	Education, Youth Empowerment
	ISTIS	Consulting Firm	Algeria, Bahrain, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Tunisia	Economic Growth, Social Development
	Insaf El Kef Association	National and Regional NGO	Tunisia	Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship, Environment and Energy, Human Rights, Social Development
	EnCompass	Consulting Firm	Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey	Agriculture, Economic Growth, Education, Humanitarian aid, Women Rights and Empowerment
	Project Services International	Consulting Firm	Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Turkey	Democratic Governance, Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship
	Egyptian Red Crescent (ERC)	National and Regional NGO	Egypt	Health, Humanitarian aid, Refugees and Migration
	Emissa	National and Regional NGO	Syria, Turkey	Economic Growth, Humanitarian aid
	Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)	Bilateral and Multilateral Agency	Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen	Agriculture, Food Security, Social Development
	Green Climate Fund	Bilateral and Multilateral Agency	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen	Climate Change and Global Warming, Environment and Energy
	CANADEM	National and Regional NGO	Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Sudan	Democratic Governance, Humanitarian aid
	Targa-AIDE	National and Regional NGO	Morocco	Economic Growth, Social Development, Urban & Rural Development
	King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre	Arab Organization	Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen	Food Security, Health, Humanitarian aid
	Qatar Fund for Development	Arab Organization	Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen	Economic Growth, Education, Humanitarian aid
	Mohammed V Foundation for Solidarity	Arab Organization	Morocco	Humanitarian aid, Social Development
	Sawiris Foundation	Arab Organization	Egypt	Economic Growth, Social Development